Investigating the Potential Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Intestinal Coccidian Infections

New infectious agents pose a global threat to the healthcare system, and studies are conducted estimate their health epidemiological outcomes in long run. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has caused COVID-19 disease, was formerly assumed be respiratory virus; however, it can have serious systemic effects, affecting organs such as gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Viral RNA reported stool subset of patients, indicating another mode transmission diagnosis. In COVID-19, prolonged GIT symptoms, especially diarrhea, were associated with reduced diversity richness gut microbiota, immunological dysregulation, delayed viral clearance. Intestinal coccidian parasites intracellular protozoa that most typically transmitted humans by oocysts found fecally contaminated food water. Their relevance is coupled opportunistic infections, cause high morbidity mortality among immunocompromised individuals. Among immunocompetent people, intestinal coccidia also involved acute usually self-limiting. Evaluating available evidence provided an opportunity carefully consider that; virus protozoan parasites: namely, Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Isospora belli, could mutually influence each other from microbiological, clinical, diagnostic, elimination aspects. We further systemically highlighted possible shared pathogenesis mechanisms, routes, clinical manifestations, parasite-driven immune regulation, microbiota alteration. Finally, we showed how this might impact developing developed countries prevention vaccination strategies. To best our knowledge, there no review discussed reciprocal effect between coinfection.